International Organization
International organizations in a broad sense basically include not only public international organizations (Public International Organizations) but also private organizations (Privat International Organizations). Such organizations include regional and sub-regional organizations. There are also organizations that are universal (organization of universal character).
Judging from its formation, international organizations have three aspects namely administration, philosophical aspects, and legal aspects:
1). Administrative aspects
Regarding the need to establish a permanent secretariat (permanent secretariat) whose location is in the territory of one of its member countries determined by agreement between the international organization and the host country (Head quarters Agreement). In addition, personnel personnel (International civil servant) are also needed [1].
From this administrative aspect the organization also needs a budget that will be shared by all members. Article 17 of the UN charter for example states that UN funding will be borne by its members in accordance with the scale of assessment (Scale of Assessment) to be determined by the UN General Assembly which according to article 18 through 2/3 votes. [1]
2). Philosophical aspects
The formation of an international organization will be influenced by the philosophies of the lives of nations in an area where the organization will be founded. For example, in the formation of the Organization of African Unity, we have also seen the history of the African nation originating from colonialism, therefore the theme taken was cooperation to free the shackles of colonialism, the issue of self-determination and national independence as well as the philosophical basis of the organization. [2]
3). Legal aspects
International organizations are formed through an agreement of three or more countries as parties. An organization is essentially a unit which according to law is separated from every other organization and will consist of one or more bodies. These bodies are a collection of various powers which are grouped under one name. For example: the General Assembly, the House of Representatives, the International Court of Justice and the secretariat are the main bodies that have their own authority but are all grouped in an organization called the United Nations. [3]
In order to be recognized in international law, international organizations must meet three conditions, namely: [4]
The existence of international agreements such as the main instrument will make the principles and objectives, structure and the way the organization works.
International organizations must have at least one body.
International organizations must be formed under international law.
In connection with the legal implications of Indonesia's involvement in international trade organizations so that government policies are certainly able to touch the interests of the wider community, it is expected to guarantee a sense of security and fairness in the world of cross-border trade. [5]
International Red Cross
The International Red Cross domiciled in Geneva (Austria) has its own place in the history of international law. It can even be said that the International Red Cross as a legal subject (in a limited sense) was born because of history; although in the end the body's existence and status was confirmed by an international treaty (convention), which is now the 1949 Geneva conventions on the protection of victims of war. Based on the 1949 Geneva Conventions, the International Red Cross has a position as a subject of international law, even with limited scope. [1]
Holy See or Vatican
The Holy See (Vatican) is an example of a subject of international law that already exists besides the state. This is a legacy / continuation of history since ancient times, when the Pope not only acted as head of the Roman church but also had worldly authority. Although only related to religious (catholic) issues, the Holy See is a legal subject in the full sense and equal position with the state.
This happened especially after the treaty was made between Italy and the Holy See at Rome to the Holy See which was subsequently formed by the Vatican state, as well as being recognized by Italy. Until now the Holy See has diplomatic representation that is equal to the diplomatic representation of a country in various important countries in the world, including in Indonesia. [1]